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- ********************************************
- * Biotin-requiring enzymes attachment site *
- ********************************************
-
- Biotin, which plays a catalytic role in some carboxyl transfer reactions, is
- covalently attached, via an amide bond, to a lysine residue in enzymes
- requiring this coenzyme [1,2,3,4]. Such enzymes are:
-
- - Pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1).
- - Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2).
- - Propionyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3).
- - Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.4).
- - Geranoyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.5).
- - Urea carboxylase (EC 6.3.4.6).
- - Oxaloacetate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.3).
- - Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.41).
- - Glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.70).
- - Methylmalonyl-CoA carboxyl-transferase (EC 2.1.3.1) (transcarboxylase).
-
- Sequence data reveal that the region around the biocytin (biotin-lysine)
- residue is well conserved and can be used as a signature pattern.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [GN]-[DEQ]-x-[LIVMFY]-x(2)-[LIVM]-x-[AIV]-M-K-[MA]-x(3)-
- [LIVM]-x-[SA]
- [K is the biotin attachment site]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 5.
-
- -Note: the domain around the biotin-binding lysine residue is evolutionary
- related to that around the lipoyl-binding lysine residue of 2-oxo acid
- dehydrogenase acyltransferase components (see the relevant section).
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Knowles J.R.
- Annu. Rev. Biochem. 58:195-221(1989).
- [ 2] Samols D., Thronton C.G., Murtif V.L., Kumar G.K., Haase F.C., Wood H.G.
- J. Biol. Chem. 263:6461-6464(1988).
- [ 3] Goss N.H., Wood H.G.
- Meth. Enzymol. 107:261-278(1984).
- [ 4] Shenoy B.C., Xie Y., Park V.L., Kumar G.K., Beegen H., Wood H.G.,
- Samols D.
- J. Biol. Chem. 267:18407-18412(1992).
-